Israel's Attack on Iran's Consulate in Syria and Iran's Retaliatory Attack on Israel from an International Law Perspective
Subject Areas : International lawMohammad Saleh Alami 1 , Amirreza Nikmanesh 2
1 - Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Diplomatic and consular premises, political communication, 1961 and 1963 conventions, preemptive self-defense, proportionality in self-defense,
Abstract :
Diplomatic and consular premises are among the most significant means of establishing political communication at the international level. The protection and supervision of these premises reflect the goodwill of the host country and the continuity of friendly relations between two countries, as established under Articles 22 of the 1961 Convention and Article 31 of the 1963 Convention. These provisions offer immunity and must not be subject to attacks or violations by the host country or any other states. However, the Israeli regime, by disregarding the laws and international regulations, has openly ignored the goals and principles of the United Nations Charter and international human rights law, especially regarding human rights. On April 3, 2023, Israel attacked the Iranian Consulate in Syria, leading to the martyrdom of several commanders of the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps. Furthermore, the Islamic Republic of Iran, acting within the framework of self-defense and following the principle of proportionality, launched a retaliatory military operation on April 25, 2023, targeting Israel. In this article, the authors analyze the historical background of the two countries' interactions, the political and legal aspects of the attacks, and how the principles of international law apply to these events. They employ a library research method to examine the issues discussed in the article.
ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا. (۱۴۰۰). حقوق بینالملل عمومی. تهران: نشر گنج دانش، صفحات ۳۸۸-۳۹۶.
ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا. (۱۴۰۰). حقوق جنگ. تهران: نشر دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
ذوالعین، پرویز. (۱۴۰۰). آداب و تشریفات دیپلماتیک. تهران: نشر میزان.
موسوی زاده، رضا، علیاکبر ملکی و احمد آذرپندار. (۱۳۹۹). بایستههای حقوق بینالملل بشردوستانه. تهران: نشر میزان.
شریفی طراز کوهی، حسین. (۱۳۹۵). حقوق بینالملل بشردوستانه. تهران: نشر میزان.
طباطبایی، سید احمد و داوود محبی انجندانی. (۱۳۹۳). حقوق بینالملل و تشکیل کشور مستقل فلسطینی. فصلنامه پژوهشهای روابط بینالملل.
قانون اساسی، مصوب ۲۴/۸/۱۳۵۸ ش با اصلاحات ۶/۵/۱۳۶۸ ش، بازیابی شده در تاریخ ۱۵/۳/۱۴۰۳ ش، و به سایت مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس، rc.majlis.ir
۸. منشور ملل متحد، مصوب ۲۶/۶/۱۹۴۵ م، بازیابی شده در تاریخ ۱۵/۳/۱۴۰۳ ش، و به سایت مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس، rc.majlis.ir
References
Ẕāyā'ī Bīgdilī, M. R. (1400). Huqūq-i bīn al-milal-i 'umūmī [Public international law]. Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publishing, pp. 388-396.
Ẕāyā'ī Bīgdilī, M. R. (1400). Huqūq-i janga [The law of war]. Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University Publishing.
Ẕawāl‘ayn, P. (1400). Ādāb wa tashrīfāt-i dīplomātīkah [Diplomatic etiquette and formalities]. Tehran: Mīzān Publishing.
Mūsīzādah, R., Malikī, A. A., & Āzār Pandār, A. (1399). Bāyastahā-yi huqūq-i bīn al-milal bashar dustānah [Foundations of international human rights law]. Tehran: Mīzān Publishing.
Sharīfī Tarāz Kōhī, H. (1395). Huqūq-i bīn al-milal bashar dustānah [Foundations of international human rights law]. Tehran: Mīzān Publishing.
Ṭabāṭabā'ī, S. A., & Mahbī Anjandānī, D. (1393). Huqūq-i bīn al-milal wa tashkīl-i keshwar-i mustaqil-i falsṭīnī [International law and the formation of an independent Palestinian state]. Pajūhishhā-yi rawābiṭ bīn al-milal [Journal of International Relations Studies.
Qānūn-i asāsī (Constitution law), approved on 24/8/1358 with amendments on 6/5/1368. Retrieved on 15/3/1403 from Majlis Research Center: rc.majlis.ir
8. Manshūr-i Mullāh Mutahhid, approved on 26/6/1945. Retrieved on 15/3/1403 from Majlis